A historical look at the roots of management theory reveals its flaws and offers important lessons for today's leaders
For four thousand years, kings and queens ruled the known world, while management experts—in the guises of sages, clerics, and courtiers of all kinds—told them how to do it. These proto-experts in leadership, ethics, and strategy wrote books describing the perfect prince. In such books, rulers could seek and polish their own reflection, as in a looking glass. These books were called mirrors for princes.
Mirrors for Princes documents the clichés of this genre of literature. Typical mirrors taught the same formula, over and over: that people behave badly because of their pursuit of self-interest, which needs to be harnessed to a common goal by the ruler or leader. Eighteenth-century revolutions spelled the demise of princes and led to books that sought instruct them. Today, the clichés of mirrors for princes live on in modern mirrors for managers. The rhetoric of common goals and transformational leadership has a pleasing resonance for top managers, affirming their authority, just as it did for kings and queens in mirrors for princes. Keeley's goal is to sensitize readers to these clichés and to provide today's business leaders with the tools to think more critically when reading business books.
Mirrors for Princes concludes with advice for writers of management literature, suggesting how organizational theorists and business ethicists might avoid replicating the clichés of mirrors for princes by adopting a social-contract model of organizations.
Reviews
"Keeley's wise and witty romp through centuries of how-to-lead books results in a profound critique of today's popular leadership books and their authors. He shows why we must break with their failed diagnoses and clichéd advice, offering both a cautionary tale and better ways to think about leading."—Joanne B. Ciulla, director, Institute for Ethical Leadership, Rutgers Business School
"Michael Keeley's ambitious survey of 'mirrors for princes' is a truly remarkable work of scholarship. Keeley identifies trends in the articulation of management advice that stretch from ancient Egypt to Xenophon to James Madison. The fascinating range of thinkers and texts that are expertly connected in Mirrors for Princes will change how we think about the novelty of management literature."—Korey Garibaldi, assistant professor of American studies, University of Notre Dame
"A most interesting and insightful journey into history and its relevance to modern thinking about corporations. We can see the reflections of much leadership advice in the mirrors we hold up to historical princes and kings. The book is a call for new ideas, not the cliches of princes. The twenty-first century demands that we set aside the old nostrums of how to create value for each other and dig into the solutions we need for our problems. What a fun book to read and think about!"—R. Edward Freedman, Darden School of Business, University of Virginia
About the Author
Michael Keeley, PhD, emeritus professor of management at Loyola University Chicago, is the author of A Social-Contract Theory of Organizations (1988) and has published his research in top-tier journals in both management and business ethics.
